listed in Overview: CIA World Factbook for the year 2005
The following is reproduced from the CIA World Factbook (where additional information is available). It is compiled and published annually by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of the United States government.
The text is unchanged, except that the "Map Reference" section is omitted. Otherwise, only the layout and order was adapted for this website.
This entry in the original Factbook for the year 2005 was last updated by the CIA on 2 May, 2006.
Background: This uninhabited island was claimed by the US in 1857 for its guano. Mining took place between 1865 and 1898. The lighthouse, built in 1917, was shut down in 1996 and administration of Navassa Island transferred from the Coast Guard to the Department of the Interior. A 1998 scientific expedition to the island described it as a unique preserve of Caribbean biodiversity; the following year it became a National Wildlife Refuge and annual scientific expeditions have continued.
Economic Overview: Subsistence fishing and commercial trawling occur within refuge waters.
| Location: | Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, 35 miles west of Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti |
| Geographic coordinates: | 18 25 N, 75 02 W |
| Area: | Total: 5.4 sq km land: 5.4 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative: | About nine times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC |
| Land boundaries: | 0 km |
| Coastline: | 8 km |
| Maritime claims: | Territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
| Climate: | Marine, tropical |
| Terrain: | Raised coral and limestone plateau, flat to undulating; ringed by vertical white cliffs (9 to 15 m high) |
| Elevation extremes: | Lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: unnamed location on southwest side 77 m |
| Natural resources: | Guano |
| Land use: | Arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005) |
| Irrigated land: | 0 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Natural hazards: | Hurricanes |
| Environment - current issues: | NA |
| Geography - note: | Strategic location 160 km south of the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; mostly exposed rock but with enough grassland to support goat herds; dense stands of fig-like trees, scattered cactus |
| Population: | Uninhabited note: transient Haitian fishermen and others camp on the island (July 2006 est.) |
| Country name: | Conventional long form: none conventional short form: Navassa Island |
| Dependency status: | Unincorporated territory of the US; administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service, US Department of the Interior, from the Caribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuge in Boqueron, Puerto Rico; in September 1996, the Coast Guard ceased operations and maintenance of Navassa Island Light, a 46-meter-tall lighthouse on the southern side of the island; there has also been a private claim advanced against the island |
| Legal system: | The laws of the US, where applicable, apply |
| Flag: |
|
| Flag description: | The flag of the US is used |
| Ports and terminals: | None; offshore anchorage only |
| Military - note: | Defense is the responsibility of the US |
| Disputes - international: | Claimed by Haiti, source of subsistence fishing |
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