listed in Overview: CIA World Factbook for the year 2005
The following is reproduced from the CIA World Factbook (where additional information is available). It is compiled and published annually by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of the United States government.
The text is unchanged, except that the "Map Reference" section is omitted. Otherwise, only the layout and order was adapted for this website.
This entry in the original Factbook for the year 2005 was last updated by the CIA on 2 May, 2006.
Background: Settled as early as 1000 B.C., Samoa was "discovered" by European explorers in the 18th century. International rivalries in the latter half of the 19th century were settled by an 1899 treaty in which Germany and the US divided the Samoan archipelago. The US formally occupied its portion - a smaller group of eastern islands with the excellent harbor of Pago Pago - the following year.
Economic Overview: American Samoa has a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US with which American Samoa conducts most of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well being. Attempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism is a promising developing sector.
| Location: | Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and New Zealand |
| Geographic coordinates: | 14 20 S, 170 00 W |
| Area: | Total: 199 sq km land: 199 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Rose Island and Swains Island |
| Area - comparative: | Slightly larger than Washington, DC |
| Land boundaries: | 0 km |
| Coastline: | 116 km |
| Maritime claims: | Territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
| Climate: | Tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation |
| Terrain: | Five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island) |
| Elevation extremes: | Lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Lata Mountain 964 m |
| Natural resources: | Pumice, pumicite |
| Land use: | Arable land: 10% permanent crops: 15% other: 75% (2005) |
| Irrigated land: | NA |
| Natural hazards: | Typhoons common from December to March |
| Environment - current issues: | Limited natural fresh water resources; the water division of the government has spent substantial funds in the past few years to improve water catchments and pipelines |
| Geography - note: | Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean |
| Population: | 57,794 (July 2006 est.) |
| Age structure: | 0-14 years: 34.7% (male 10,388/female 9,654) 15-64 years: 62.4% (male 18,698/female 17,350) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 633/female 1,071) (2006 est.) |
| Median age: | Total: 23.2 years male: 22.9 years female: 23.4 years (2006 est.) |
| Population growth rate: | -0.19% (2006 est.) |
| Birth rate: | 22.46 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
| Death rate: | 3.27 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
| Net migration rate: | -21.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) |
| Sex ratio: | At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2006 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate: | Total: 9.07 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.66 deaths/1,000 live births female: 8.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) |
| Life expectancy at birth: | Total population: 76.05 years male: 72.48 years female: 79.82 years (2006 est.) |
| Total fertility rate: | 3.16 children born/woman (2006 est.) |
| HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | NA |
| HIV/AIDS - deaths: | NA |
| Nationality: | Noun: American Samoan(s) (US nationals) adjective: American Samoan |
| Ethnic groups: | Native Pacific islander 92.9%, Asian 2.9%, white 1.2%, mixed 2.8%, other 0.2% (2000 census) |
| Religions: | Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30% |
| Languages: | Samoan 90.6% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 2.9%, Tongan 2.4%, other Pacific islander 2.1%, other 2% note: most people are bilingual (2000 census) |
| Literacy: | Definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 98% female: 97% (1980 est.) |
| Country name: | Conventional long form: Territory of American Samoa conventional short form: American Samoa abbreviation: AS |
| Dependency status: | Unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US; administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior |
| Government type: | NA |
| Capital: | Pago Pago |
| Administrative divisions: | None (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three districts and two islands* at the second order; Eastern, Manu'a, Rose Island*, Swains Island*, Western |
| Independence: | None (territory of the US) |
| National holiday: | Flag Day, 17 April (1900) |
| Constitution: | Ratified 2 June 1966, effective 1 July 1967 |
| Legal system: | NA |
| Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal |
| Executive branch: | Chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) head of government: Governor Togiola TULAFONO (since 7 April 2003) cabinet: Cabinet made up of 12 department directors elections: under the US Consitution, residents of unincorporated territories, such as American Samoa, do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 2 and 16 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008) election results: Togiola TULAFONO elected governor; percent of vote - Togiola TULAFONO 55.7%, Afoa Moega LUTU 44.3% |
| Legislative branch: | Bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of the House of Representatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by popular vote and 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains Island; members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats; members are elected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006); Senate - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - independents 18 note: American Samoa elects one nonvoting representative to the US House of Representatives; election last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2006); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA (Democrat) reelected as delegate |
| Judicial branch: | High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior) |
| Political parties and leaders: | Democratic Party [Oreta M. TOGAFAU]; Republican Party [Tautai A. F. FAALEVAO] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders: | NA |
| International organization participation: | Interpol (subbureau), IOC, SPC, UPU |
| Diplomatic representation in the US: | None (territory of the US) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US: | None (territory of the US) |
| Flag: |
|
| Flag description: | Blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outer side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club |
| GDP (purchasing power parity): | $500 million (2000 est.) |
| GDP (official exchange rate): | NA |
| GDP - real growth rate: | NA% |
| GDP - per capita (PPP): | $8,000 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector: | Agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| Labor force: | 14,000 (1996) |
| Labor force - by occupation: | Tuna canneries 34%, government 33%, other 33% (1990) |
| Unemployment rate: | 6% (2000) |
| Population below poverty line: | NA% |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share: | Lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices): | NA% |
| Budget: | Revenues: $121 million (37% in local revenue and 63% in US grants) expenditures: $127 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (FY96/97) |
| Agriculture - products: | Bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock |
| Industries: | Tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts |
| Industrial production growth rate: | NA% |
| Electricity - production: | 130 million kWh (2003) |
| Electricity - consumption: | 120.9 million kWh (2003) |
| Electricity - exports: | 0 kWh (2003) |
| Electricity - imports: | 0 kWh (2003) |
| Oil - production: | 0 bbl/day (2003) |
| Oil - consumption: | 4,000 bbl/day (2003 est.) |
| Oil - exports: | NA bbl/day |
| Oil - imports: | NA bbl/day |
| Natural gas - production: | 0 cu m (2003 est.) |
| Natural gas - consumption: | 0 cu m (2003 est.) |
| Exports: | $10 million (2004 est.) |
| Exports - commodities: | Canned tuna 93% (2004 est.) |
| Exports - partners: | Samoa 39.8%, Australia 19.9%, Japan 15.1%, New Zealand 10.5% (2004) |
| Imports: | $105 million (2004 est.) |
| Imports - commodities: | Materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6% (2004 est.) |
| Imports - partners: | Japan 31.4%, New Zealand 27.9%, Germany 17.1%, Australia 8.9% (2004) |
| Debt - external: | $NA |
| Economic aid - recipient: | Important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994 |
| Currency (code): | US dollar (USD) |
| Exchange rates: | The US dollar is used |
| Fiscal year: | 1 October - 30 September |
| Telephones - main lines in use: | 15,000 (2001) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular: | 2,377 (1999) |
| Telephone system: | General assessment: NA domestic: good telex, telegraph, facsimile and cellular telephone services; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station international: country code - 1-684; satellite earth station - 1 (Intelsat-Pacific Ocean) |
| Radio broadcast stations: | AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2006) |
| Television broadcast stations: | 1 (Low Power TV); note - one cable TV station (2006) |
| Internet country code: | .as |
| Internet hosts: | 1,430 (2005) |
| Internet users: | NA |
| Airports: | 3 (2005) |
| Airports - with paved runways: | Total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2005) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways: | Total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2005) |
| Roadways: | Total: 185 km (2004) |
| Ports and terminals: | Pago Pago |
| Military - note: | Defense is the responsibility of the US |
| Disputes - international: | None |
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